Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Rules for Japanese Letter Format
Rules for Japanese Letter Format The difference between written language and conversational language in Japanese is much greater than in English. Japanese letters often use classical grammar patterns which are seldom used in conversation. Although there are no particular rules when writing to close friends, there are many set expressions and honorific expressions (Keigo) used in formal letters. A conversational style is not usually used when writing formal letters. Opening and Closing Words The opening and closing words in letters, which are similar to Englishs Dear and Sincerely etc., come in pairs. Haikei æ‹ å•“ - Keigu æ• ¬Ã¥â€¦ ·The most common pair used in formal letters. Women sometimes use Kashikoã ‹ã â€"ã “ as a closing word instead of Keigu.Zenryaku å‰ ç• ¥ - Sousou è ‰ã€…This pair is less formal. It is usually used when you dont have time to write a long letter, so that the preliminary greetings are omitted. Zenryaku literally means, omitting the preliminary remarks. Preliminary Greetings Ogenki de irasshaimasu ka. (very formal)ã Šå…Æ'æ °â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。Have you been doing well? Ogenki desu ka.ã Šå…Æ'æ °â€"㠧㠙㠋。Have you been doing well? Ikaga osugoshi de irasshaimasu ka. (very formal)ã „ã ‹ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。How have you been? Ikaga osugoshi desu ka.ã „ã ‹ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧㠙㠋。How have you been? Okagesama de genki ni shite orimasu. (very formal)㠊㠋㠒㠕㠾㠧å…Æ'æ °â€"㠫ã â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。Fortunately Im doing well. Kazoku ichidou genki ni shite orimasu.Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¦â€" ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å'å…Æ'æ °â€"㠫ã â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。The whole family is doing well. Otegami arigatou gozaimashita.ã Šæ‰‹ç ´â„¢Ã£ ‚ã‚Šã Å'㠨ã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â€"㠟。Thank you for your letter. Nagai aida gobusata shite orimashite moushiwake gozaimasen. (very formal)é• ·Ã£ „éâ€"“ã â€Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ²â„¢Ã¦ ± °Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾ã â€"㠦熳ã â€"è ¨ ³Ã£ â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾㠛ん。I apologize for neglecting to write for such a long time. Gobusata shite orimasu.ã â€Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ²â„¢Ã¦ ± °Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。Im sorry I havent written for a long time. These expressions or seasonal greetings can be combined in a variety of ways to form the preliminary greeting. The Japanese have long admired the seasonal changes, therefore it seems too abrupt to start a letter without the proper seasonal greeting. Here are some examples. Gobusata shite orimasu ga, ogenki de irasshaimasu ka.ã â€Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ²â„¢Ã¦ ± °Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾ã ™ã Å'〠㠊å…Æ'æ °â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。Im sorry I havent written for a long time, but have you been doing well? Sukkari aki rashiku natte mairimashita ga, ikaga osugoshi de irasshaimasu ka.㠙㠣ã ‹ã‚Šç §â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€"ã 㠪㠣㠦㠾ã „り㠾ã â€"ã Ÿã Å'〠㠄㠋ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。It has become very autumn like; how have you been? Samui hi ga tsuzuite orimasu ga, ikaga osugoshi desu ka.Ã¥ ¯â€™Ã£ „æâ€" ¥Ã£ Å'ç ¶Å¡Ã£ „㠦㠊り㠾ã ™ã Å'〠㠄㠋ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧㠙㠋。Cold days continue; how have you been? Final Greetings Douka yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.㠩㠆㠋よ゠ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾㠙。Kindly look after this matter for me. ~ ni yoroshiku otsutae kudasai.㠫よã‚ ã â€"ã ã Šä ¼ ã ˆã ã ã •ã „。Please give my regards to ~. Minasama ni douzo yoroshiku.皆æ §ËœÃ£ «Ã£ ©Ã£ †ã žã‚ˆã‚ ã â€"ã 。Please give my regards to everyone. Okarada o taisetsu ni.ã Šä ½â€œÃ£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥Ë†â€¡Ã£ «Ã£â‚¬â€šPlease take care of yourself. Douzo ogenki de.㠩㠆㠞㠊å…Æ'æ °â€"㠧。Take care of yourself. Ohenji omachi shite orimasu.ã Šè ¿â€Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£ Šå ¾â€¦Ã£ ¡Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。I look forward to hearing from you.
Monday, February 24, 2020
Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6
Case Study Example It has become quite difficult for Karen to select or predict the right person for promotion since the performance of all these individuals are fluctuating in nature over the past period and there is also pressure from the upper management to select individuals based on different interests, non-compliance to which may lead severe consequences for the organization in terms of both internal and external aspects. Moreover, another quandary faced by Karen is that she is also emotionally attached to one manager i.e. Carmen whom she would like to promote based on her poor financial grounds. However, on the other hand, promoting either of the other two managers could lead to prove beneficial for her in the distant future. Therefore, Karen is facing a problem in selecting the right manager based on their different attributes such as performance, upper management pressure, emotional attachment and future benefits, all of which is making it very hard for her to select the right manager in an un biased manner and transparently. A prospective candidate for promotion, Carmen, a 34 years old African American having one child, had completed her graduation, in the lower half of the college class studied by her, from Northwest State. Her association with the company had been for four years and she was serving in the industry for eight years. Her performance had been quite average but she had very high energy level. It needs to be noted that she at times faced certain problems in managing her staff and moreover her child had a past history of medical issues, thus a pay hike would be quite accommodating in her case. Karen knew Carmen for a very short time but they seemed to get along very well. Furthermore, Karen once had to perform the role of a baby-sitter for Carmen’s daughter in an emergency scenario. With this concern, promoting Carmen may lead to a view that Karen is playing favoritism (Ashkanasy & Daus, 2002). In this
Friday, February 7, 2020
Issue with communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Issue with communication - Essay Example This not only looks bad from a new customer point of view, but it does not firm up established relationships with current customers. The lack of action on the company’s social media pages suggests that it does not place the role of technology in acquiring new customers very highly. It would useful for Future Shop to also share its Facebook posts on its Google+ page. In this case, the company would gain more followers among Google+ fans because not everyone uses Facebook. It is important that Future Shop caters to all social media networks because some people only use one or two. If Future Shop customers who prefer to use Google+ feel like the company has a lack of interest in them, then this will result in a loss of trust and loyalty from these customers. Communication plays an important role in the performance and growth of a company, and Future Shop needs to realize this if it wants to expand in the future. In a similar way, Future Shop’s LinkedIn page also reflects badly on the company’s image and reputation. On the LinkedIn page, the company mentions that it has more than 10,000 employees, except only 1,581 employees are in linked on the page (this means that only about 15% of employees are connected to the page). Added to this is the fact that the amount of followers is only around 3000, which barely double the number of the employees who are linked on the page. On the career page, Future Shop does not have any activities or job postings to attract new people to the company. Leaving this page blank shows a disinterest in hiring new people. The company does not put in any effort to attract job seekers and/or encourage them to visit the page regularly for any updates about job openings. Also, on the products page, the company does not list any of its products currently for sale. This does not encourage new customers to become attracted to the company
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Ethics Audit Question Essay Example for Free
Ethics Audit Question Essay Board Does the board have a clear and concise plan of action to deal with problems that arise from regular assessment? This question is important when assessing an organization’s ethical performance. This question will help the organization create a plan of action to deal with any problem that may arise. Staff- Are all staff members educated equally about how to advance in the organization? This question would help the organization make sure that they are treating all employees the same, as well as giving them all the same opportunities. The question would also aid in the assessment of the organizations ethical performance. Donors and Fundraisers- Does the organization give the donors the proper instructions or information on how to write their donations as tax write offs or deductions? In an ethical performance review, the organization will show that it cares about the donors, and is following government procedures. Clients/Customers- Is there a policy in place to ensure that all clients are given the same amount of time to be helped and processed? In an ethical review this shows that all clients are treated equally without prejudice or bias regardless of age, ethnicity, race, origin, or sex. Volunteers- Are all volunteers treated the same, and given equal opportunities for employment in the organization? It is important for the organization to show their volunteers that they are valued and important to the organization. Society- Is the organization doing everything it can, to meet the expectations of the public it serves? It is important for the organizations ethical committee to know that the organization is doing all that it can to serve the public’s needs. The public will feel like they can trust the organization.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Cross-Listing :: Business, Stock Exchange
Cross-listing can be defined as the listing of a company’s shares in a stock exchange beyond its home country boundaries. It can also be termed as a secondary listing for firms those which are already listed in their home country. Typically, when companies grow bigger and diversify business, they opt for cross-listing to raise capital from larger and more liquid foreign markets. In 2009, nearly 3100 firms cross listed their equity on major overseas stock exchanges globally (World Federation of Exchanges, 2010, list provided in appendix) . It is not only pursued by companies from developed countries but companies from emerging countries are also actively participating. Some major global cross-listing destinations are – New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, London Stock Exchange, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange, and so on. The key focus of this paper will be on examining the stock price reaction and the patterns of returns before and after listing date for a diverse sample of firms from different countries specifically in the case of London Stock Exchange (LSE). Existing literature has enough evidence that cross-listings on US exchanges are associated with considerable positive stock market reactions (Foerster and Karolyi, 1999; Miller, 1999). However, there has been limited research on the impact of cross-listing on non US exchanges. This serves as a primary motivation for my interest to explore and gain understanding on a stock’s return in its home market as result of cross-listing on LSE. The rest of this paper is structured in the following manner. Section 2 provides a literature review, while section 3 outlines the data, sample and research methodology. Section 4 presents the empirical results and its discussions. Finally, in section 5 I draw a conclusion. In this section, I present an overview of the existing literature that has been reviewed as a part of gaining an understanding on the extent of work that has already been done on the topic of cross-listing and its impact on stock returns. Moreover, literature review was also essential for understanding the statistical methodologies and approaches that I can apply in this paper for testing my hypothesis. Cross listing has been a topic of immense interest among researchers for a long time. There has been lot of developments as well as debate in the cross-listing literature on its different aspects such as motivation for companies to cross-list, whether cross-listing creates value, its impact on risk and return, its financial and economic impacts so on and so forth.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Advanced Research Writing Essay
The topic of online education, specifically relating to teaching writing in a distant learning environment was covered by Professor Kate Kiefer. Kiefer is a Professor and Writing Integration Coordinator at Colorado State University. She has a PH.D in rhetoric from Carnegie Mellon University and has written numerous published articles, including three textbooks. In the book â€Å"Brave New Classrooms†, Professor Kiefer writes a chapter titled, â€Å"Do Students Lose More Than They Gain In Online Classrooms?†Professor Kiefer tackles the difficult questions of just how much are students getting out of online writing classes. What is the goal of an online student? Kiefer clearly has an issue with distance education and voices her opinion of its inferiority to a classroom environment. Her numerous assertions of distance learning students not getting the complete education experience must be taken for what it is, an instructor’s point of view and not a student’ s. Online education is becoming more prevalent every day, because not everyone has the time or funding to get to and from a college campus. This method should be embraced by instructors and not talked down on, simply because there is no other option for so many. Professor Kiefer wholeheartedly states in her article, that she believes taking an online writing class is inferior to a traditional structured classroom environment. She states that she is not in the majority on this issue, but she speaks of the many difficulties that face a student and teacher online. One of Professor Kiefer’s most adamant points against online writing classes is the true lack of interaction a student can have. She talks of how so many online classrooms have students who do not participate and do only what is needed to pass the class. Kiefer suggests that on-line classes are often full of students who are looking to check a box and get that next check mark, which will take them to finish line and a degree. She also states how not having peer to peer interaction robs the online student of so much valuable education. In a writing class it is pivotal she states to have your fellow students peer review your work and not just have the teacher looking at your assignment. She covers the issue of how universities are trying to add more and more students online, because when it all boils down to it, money is what they are after. Professor Kiefer goes over a few ideas of how to make an online writing class better, such as requiring participation in discussions, but eventually she feels that online instruction in writing classes, leave the student short of what a teacher would like them to learn in a class. Professor Kiefer is very adamant on the loss of personal interaction in online writing classes and how it diminishes the importance of personal interaction, which to some extent is very true. In a recent article published by the â€Å"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks†, documenting over 125 traditional face to face classes, it found â€Å"very strong support for the existence of a community of inquiry that is shared within each class section†. (Fernandes, Oct 2013) While It may be almost impossible to capture the same type of peer to peer interaction in a distance learning course compared to a traditional classroom, the study does not take into account that many online students have a network of support they are able to bounce ideas off of. While the journal study names student networking as a weakness to online classrooms, it does not really mention the fact that many physical classroom environments have students that do not want to participate. Professor Kiefer also addresses the high dropout rate of online students. This makes me wonder if the dropout rate is due to non-flexibility within the school offering the classes of if it is students just not taking it seriously. A recent study published in â€Å"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks†by the Dean of Online Education at Dallas Baptist University noted that â€Å"their university offers thirty-four online degree programs and Dallas Baptist University has maintained a 92% cou rse completion rate†(Shelton, Oct 2009). I would have liked to have seen professor Kiefer give the standard dropout rate of traditional classroom students at a university. It is very possible that online education is still in such an evolving state, that there are many different factors leading to a high dropout rate. Many schools have not properly trained their faculty in correctly dealing with online education, while some of it is definitely the daily lives of online students that get it in the way. Professor Kiefer makes many valid points on her topics, however the reasons she gives regarding why students take online courses, are the exact reasons they must continue. People with jobs and forty hour work week can’t take time out to drive to the university every day. Online classes have been going for a number of years now, but it is still in its infancy compared to classroom instruction. There are still so many ideas created each day that can make this learning environment better. Professor Kiefer makes a good argument regarding the negative impacts of online writing classes, but the reason we have online classes to start with are why they can’t stop. The goals of online students are the same as other students, they want to better their lives and further educate themselves. That lifeline cannot be taken away, because there are doubts about its effectiveness. It is up to everyone to keep making strides and improving the experience of online education. Bibliography Fernandes, B. R. (Oct 2013). Measuring the Community in Online Classes. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 17(3), pp 115-136. Kiefer, K. (2007). Do Students Lose More than They Gain in Online Writing Classes? In Brave New Classrooms. (Vol. 37, pp. 141-151). New York, NY: Peter Lang USA. Shelton, K. (Oct 2009). Does Strong Faculty Support Equal Consistent Course Completion?: It Has for Dallas Baptist University. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 13(3), pp 63-66.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
International Trade Economic Activity Of Nations
International trade is important to the overall economic activity of nations, including the growth and domestics’ production. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and WTO, international trade has grown remarkably in recent decades as shown in figure 1 and 2. It can be seen that the growth of trade has led into the rapid economic growth in some countries. The reasons of rapid growth in world trade is due to the reduction of trade barriers at global and regional level. The country also can gain from trade for some reasons. Firstly, trading leads the country to produce and consume at prices which differ from those international market does, so if the price in international market is more expensive,†¦show more content†¦He argued that trade can be beneficial because each country has a differentiation about the cost of producing different goods. Smith determined that the dissimilarities of the cost of producing caused by the differences in efficiencies of labor in each country. Smith emphasized that the theory of labor efficiencies lead into the absolute advantage of producing some goods. He argued that each country will have gain if only they exchange its products which have an absolute advantage comparing with other countries. However, his theory seems not very deep (Södersten and Reed, 1994). Then, Ricardo was the person who completed Smith’s theory by proposing the theory of comparative advantage. Ricardo argues that Smith’s theory is not suitable for a country which is more productive than other countries in all lines. Ricardo define that all countries have same opportunities to pursue a benefit from trade as long as the country is not equally less productive in all lines (Södersten and Reed, 1994). In Ricardo’s model, a country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing the good is lower at home than in host country, but to know the country has a comparative advantage in one good, there must be at least two countries and two goods (Södersten and Reed, 1994). But, there are some criticisms on the theory of comparative advantage. Firstly, this
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